Hydration with Neowater

Paclitaxel

Summary of the report:

"Paclitaxel is a microtubule-stabilizing agent and an effective anticancer drug for ovarian, breast, lung, and prostate cancer (Wall and Wani, 1995). It induces apoptosis in cancer presumably by causing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules and inhibits depolymerization back to tubulin (Blagosklonny and Fojo, 1999)...paclitaxel is practically insoluble in water (less than 0.01 mg/ml), which represents a significant limitation of the drug. In current clinical administration, paclitaxel is delivered in a vehicle composed of a 50:50 (v/v) mixture of Cremophor EL (polyethoxylated castor oil) and dehydrated alcohol, which is further diluted in isotonic saline solution before intravenous (iv) administration. A prolonged intravenous administration time is required to inject paclitaxel at low concentrations. Cremophor EL causes serious side effects (hypersensitivity reaction, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, etc.) and premedication with corticosteroids and antihistamines is often required. In addition, the diluted clinical formulation has only short-term physical stability (12-24 h) and tends to precipitate out from the aqueous media (Singla et al. 2002, Tije et al, 2003)." See our full report on Paclitaxel

Cephalosporin

See our full report on Cephalosporin

Cyclosporin

Summary of the report:

[From Introduction] "...Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant originally developed to inhibit T cell responses that limit the success of human organ transplantation. It is a hydrophobic 11 amino acid cyclic polypeptide product of the fungus Tolypocladium infantum Gams. CsA was discovered in 1968 and approved in the U.S. in 1983 for the use in transplant operations..." [From conclusions] "...Neowater® solubilized CsA is active in vitro and displays enhanced activity at the same concentration as compared to EtOH solubilized CsA on cells cultured in standard deionized water based media..." See our full report on Cyclosporin